Airborne and Airmobile

Roger Ables, "Bitter Fighting in Quang Tin: Operation Lamar Plain." VVA Veteran, 29:5 (September/October 2009), pp. 31-33. In May 1969, the 101st Airborne sent reinforcements to help the 23d Infantry Division cope with an offensive by elements of the 2d PAVN Division in the coastal areas of eastern Quang Tin province. The operation lasted into August; the fighting was quite bloody. Ables also hopes to publish a book on this, tentatively titled Under an Asian Sun: Screaming Eagles and Operation Lamar Plain, Vietnam 1969.

Air Cav: History of the 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam 1965-1969. Nashville: Turner Publishing, 2011. xi, 261 pp.

Command Sergeant Major Ted G. Arthurs, Land With No Sun: A Year in Vietnam with the 173rd Airborne. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2006. xvi, 353 pp. Arthurs was Sergeant Major of the 4/503d Airborne Infantry, May 1967 to May 1968. The battalion was involved in combat in the Dak To area, and in the area of Tuy Hoa in Phu Yen province on the coast. Was in the Tuy Hoa area during the Tet 1968 fighting.

Jerry Autry, Gun-totin' Chaplain: A True Memoir. Airborne Press, 2006. 301 pp. Autry served as a chaplain with the 101st Airborne Division, 1968-69.

Charles Baker, Gray Horse Troop: Forever Soldiers. Powder River Publications, 2013. 375 pp. Baker arrived in Vietnam in July 1967 as a captain, and served with the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division. Most of this book deals with the period from January 1968 onward, when as a major he was operations officer of the 5/7 Cavalry. During the Tet Offensive, the 5/7 was one of the units sent toward Hue from the north. Later the unit participated in the relief of Khe Sanh, and then was sent into the A Shau Vally as part of Operation Delaware.

Annette Bird & Tim Prouty, So Proudly He Served: The Sam Bird Story. Wichita, Kansas: Okarche Books, 1993. viii, 412 pp. Sam Bird served in the First Cav approximately Jan 1966 to Jan 1967.

John Blehm, Sr. and Karen Blehm, Angel of Death: True Story of a Vietnam Vet's War Experience and his Battle to Overcome PTSD, the "Cancer of the Soul" Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, 2008. 124 pp. Blehm served 1969-70 in D Company, 1/5 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.

Dennis J. Blessing, Sr., Vietnam in My Rearview: Memoirs of a 1st Cavalry Combat Soldier, 1966-1967. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2021. 222 pp. Blessing arrived in Vietnam in late March 1966 and was assigned to B Company, 1/7 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.

Frank Boccia, The Crouching Beast: A United States Army Lieutenant's Account of the Battle for Hamburger Hill, May 1969. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2013. vii, 463 pp. Lt. Boccia commanded First Platoon, B Company, 3/187 Infantry, 3d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division.

Joshua Bowe and Wilbur Bowe, The Ground You Stand Upon: Life of a Skytrooper in Vietnam. n.p.: Joshua Bowe, 2018. 288 pp. Wilbur Bowe served in Vietnam with A Company, 5/7 Cavalry, from August 1966 to August 1967. The book was written by his son Joshua, but Wilbur coooerated in the writing, and letters Wilbur wrote while in Vietnam make up a large portion of the book.

Matthew Brennan, Brennan's War: Vietnam 1965-1969. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1985. vii, 275 pp. Memoir by a man who joined was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division at the end of 1965; he joined C Troop in the division's reconnaissance squadron (the 1/9 Cavalry) late in 1966. A good look at the way the best American regular units operated. (See Christopher and Flanagan, below, for other accounts of the 1/9 Cavalry).

Matthew Brennan, Flashing Saber: Three Years in Vietnam. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace, 2016. 416 pp. Looks like a substantially re-written and expanded version of Brennan's War.

Matthew Brennan, ed., Headhunters: Stories from the 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry, in Vietnam 1965-1971. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1987. Pb New York: Pocket Books, 1988. viii, 310 pp.

Matthew Brennan, ed., Hunter Killer Squadron: Aero-weapons, Aero-scouts, Aero-Rifles, Vietnam 1965-1972. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1990. pb New York: Pocket Books, 1992. xvii, 317 pp.

James Brinker, West of Hue: Down the Yellow Brick Road. CreateSpace, 2013. 356 pp. Brinker served approximately 1970 in the recon platoon of the 2/502 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division.

Richard R. Burns, Pathfinder: First In, Last Out. New York: Ballantine, 2002. 402 pp. This book covers Burns' training and his first tour in Vietnam. He was in the Pathfinder detachment of the 101st Airborne Division, arriving with the Division in December 1967 and staying until December 1968. A reorganization July 1, 1968 transferred the Pathfinders from the Headquarters Company of the 101st Aviation Battalion to the Headquarters Company of the 160th Aviation Group. Chapter 15 describes a mission into Laos, west of the A Shau, to extract a substantial SOG force that was in trouble there, July 1968. William Meacham was one of the helicopter pilots.

Jacques-François de Chaunac, Cavalerie américaine au Vietnam: la First Cav. Paris: Presses de la Cité, 1993. 347 pp. English translation The American Cavalry in Vietnam: "First Cav." Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing, 2003. 312 pp.

Ronald Lee Christopher, A Troop 9th Cavalry. Baltimore: PublishAmerica, 2006. 250 pp. Christopher was a staff sergeant in A Troop, 1/9 Cavalry, First Cavalry Division (Airmobile), September and October 1966. (See LRRPs in the Airborne for the sequel.)

Micheal Clodfelter, Mad Minutes and Vietnam Months. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1988. xi, 235 pp. pb New York: Zebra Books, 1989. 381 pp. Clodfelter arrived in Vietnam in late July 1965 with the 2/320 Airborne Artillery, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne. After taking a six-month extension on his tour, he transferred in August 1966 to C Company, 2/502 Airborne Infantry. By the time he left in January 1967 for hospitalization for a bad punji stake wound, he was a sergeant E-5.

Micheal Clodfelter, The Pawns of Dishonor. Boston: Branden Press, 1976. 467 pp. Probably an earlier version of the previous item.

J. D. Coleman, Pleiku: The Dawn of Helicopter Warfare in Vietnam. New York: St. Martin's, 1988. Paperback titled Choppers New York: St. Martin's, 1998. Covers the first battles between U.S. troops (the 1st Cavalry Division) and the PAVN, in what is usually called the Battle of the Ia Drang, autumn 1965.

J. D. Coleman, Incursion. New York: St. Martin's, 1991. This book is both broader and narrower than is suggested by the title, which refers to the attack on the Cambodian sanctuaries, May 1970. Coleman, who was an information officer with the 1st Cavalry from April 1969 to April 1970, concentrates on the 1st Cavalry, which was only one of the forces involved in the incursion. But he also runs the 1st Cavalry's story back to 1968 instead of concentrating on events of 1970.

Al Conetto, The Hump: The 1st Battalion, 503rd Airborne Infantry, in the First Major Battle of the Vietnam War. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2015. 216 pp. Operation Hump put a battaion of the 173d Airborne Brigade into bloody combat November 5-8, 1965, about twenty kilometers northeast of Bien Hoa, on the edge of War Zone D. Conetto commanded a rifle platoon in A Company, 1/503d Infantry.

John R. Deane Jr., Lessons in Leadership: My Life in the US Army from World War II to Vietnam. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2018. 304 pp. I have not seen the book, but the section covering the period Deane commanded the 173d Airborne Brigade in vietnam, from December 1966 to August 1967, does not get a separate chapter, so it presumably is not very long.

Simon Dunstan, 1st Air Cavalry in Vietnam: The 'First Team.' Hersham, Surrey, UK: Ian Allen / Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2004. 96 pp.

Harry G. Enoch, A Year in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne, 1969-1970. Amazon Digital Services, 2012. 166 pp.

James L. Estep, Comanche Six: Company Commander, Vietnam. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1991. pb New York: Dell, 1992. xiii, 286 pp. Reissued in 1996 by Presidio under the title Company Commander, Vietnam. The full text of this last version is available online to paid subscribers of Questia. Estep served four tours in Vietnam: as a Special Forces sergeant 11/62 to 11/63; a Special Forces officer 1/65 to 1/66; a company commander in the First Air Cavalry (the main focus of this book) from late 1967 until he was seriously wounded north of Hue 3/68; and at the ARVN NCO Academy 7/72 to 3/73. Names have been changed, and sometimes also the identities of units operating together with Estep's.

Mallon Faircloth, Behind the Names: The Story of An Ninh, The First Major Battle of Our War in Vietnam. Brentwood Academic Press, 2004. 77 pp. The battle of September 18-19, 1965, about 30 kilometers west of An Khe, in which the 2/502 Infantry and an RVN ranger company fought elements of the 2d PLAF Regiment.

1st Air Cavalry Division: Memoirs of the First Team, Vietnam, August 1965-December 1969, vol. 1. Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing, 1995. So far as I can tell, this was the only volume published.

John Flanagan, Born in Brooklyn. . . Raised in the CAV! XLibris, 2002. 238 pp. Flanangan was Saber Blue 37, piloting a Huey in a reconnaissance unit, B Troop, 1/9 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, April 1967 to April 1968. (See Brennan above, for an account of C Troop in the same reconnaissance squadron from the viewpoint of one of the recon troops who travelled in the Hueys.)

Garry Farrington, Killing for Peace: Living, Fighting, and Dying in Vietnam. Amazon Digitial Services, 2012. Lieutenant Farrington arrived in Vietnam in October 1968, and was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division. So far as I am aware, this book has been published only on Kindle.

Charles Gadd, Line Doggie: Foot Soldier in Vietnam. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1987. Gadd served a one-year tour with the 101st Airborne Division (1/501 Bn) starting in December 1967.

General John R. Galvin, Fighting the Cold War: A Soldier's Memoir. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2015. pp. 126-57 cover Galvin's first Vietnam tour, beginning July 1966. He spent a bit more than a month as operations officer of the 1st Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, then a couple of months in a staff job in Saigon, then in December 1966 went to the 1st Cavalry Division in Binh Dinh, working in the G3 plans section. He arrived for his second tour (pp. 175-216) in November 1969, again assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division, initially as the division intelligence officer, then took command the 1/8 Cavalry in early May 1970. Parts of the battalion had already crossed into Cambodia as part of the Cambodian incursion.

Manny Garcia, An Accidental Soldier: Memoirs of a Mestizo in Vietnam. University of New Mexico Press, 2003. 278 pp. Garcia served with the 101st Airborne Division, 1966-1967, and was seriously wounded.

Phil Gioia, Danger Close: A Vietnam Memoir. Lanham, MD: Stackpole, 2022. 335 pp. Gioia began his first tour in February 1968, in time to get in on the fight for Hue, as a lieutenant in the 82nd Airborne. He served a later tour in the 1st Cavalry Division. If I understand the table of contents, only about the last third of the book deals with his Vietnam service.

Russell W. Glenn, "Reading Athena's Dance Card: The American Combat Soldier in Vietnam." Ph.D. dissertation, History, University of Kansas, 1997. 478 pp. DA 9817094. The focus is on the 1st Cavalry Division, veterans of which were surveyed in 1987. Glenn considers the S.L.A. Marshall thesis on willingness to fire, and the effects of the tour system (both 6-month for commanders and 12-month for soldiers).

Ulf Goebel, Sgt. Ed Arthur's Nam. Westerville, OH: Dakar, 1974. Arthur served with the First Air Cavalry.

Bernard E. Grady, On the Tiger's Back. Brunswick, Maine: Biddle, 1994. 239 pp. The 5/7 Cavalry arrived in Vietnam in August 1966 to join the 1st Cavalry Division. Grady, a 1st Lieutenant, was XO of B Company.

Mike Guardia, Hal Moore: A Soldier Once...and Always. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2013. 288 pp. Harold Moore, most famous for his role in the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley (see below).

Larry Gwin, Baptism: A Vietnam Memoir. New York: Ivy, 1999. xi, 353 pp. On arrival in Vietnam as a lieutenant, approximately the beginning of August 1965, Gwin was sent to Vi Thanh in the Mekong Delta as an advisor to the 3d Battalion, 31st Regiment, 21st ARVN Division. He spent just over a month with this unit, which seemed to have little interest in combat. The bulk of the book, pp. 55 onward, covers his service as executive officer, A Company, 2/7 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, September 1965 through the end of June 1966. He was at Landing Zone Albany in the Battle of the Ia Drang Valley. Some names have been changed.

Benjamin L. Harrison, Hell on a Hill Top: America's Last Major Battle in Vietnam. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2004. xix, 277 pp. The battle for Firebase Ripcord, abandoned by elements of the 101st Airborne Division (mainly the 2/506 Infantry) on July 23, 1970. Harrison commanded the 3d Brigade of the 101st. While researching this book, he visited Vietnam and interviewed PAVN Major General Chu Phuong Doi, who had commanded the PAVN 324B Division in the attack on Ripcord.

David L. Hartline, Vietnam: What a Soldier Gives. Summerville, Georgia: Espy, 1984. xiv, 234 pp. Hartline arrived in Vietnam in 1968 and was assigned to the 3/5 Cavalry, apparently just before that unit was transferred from the 9th Infantry Division, in III Corps, to the 1st Cav near the DMZ in I Corps. Later he served as a scout in the Mekong Delta.

David S. Holland, Vietnam, a Memoir: Airborne Trooper. New York and Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2005. 247 pp. Lt. Holland (see also under U.S. Soldiers on the Ground for other portions of his service in Vietnam) commanded a platoon in the 173d Airborne Brigade, September 1967 to January 1968, including the Battle of Dak To.

Philip Duncan Hoffman, Humping Heavy. CreateSpace, 2011. 230 pp. Hoffman served in the 1st Cavalry Division, probably 1968-69.

John D. Howard, First In Last Out: An American Paratrooper in Vietnam with the 101st and the Vietnamese Airborne. Guilford, CT: Stackpole, 2017. xii, 252 pp. Howard graduated from West Point in 1964. He served in Vietnam 1965-66 in the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division. He was part of an advance party sent I think in June 1965 to observe operations, initially Australian troops going into War Zone D, then Marines in I Corps. After his brigade arrived in late July, he commanded 3d Platoon, A Company, 1/327 Infantry, part of the Tiger Force. He returned for a second tour in May 1972 as senior adviser to the 6th Airborne Battalion, an elite ARVN unit.

George W. Hughes, Always a Soldier. Outskirts Press, 2009. 196 pp. I am not sure how much of this autobiography deals with Hughes' two tours in Vietnam; during one of these he was with the 1/7 Cavalry (1st Cavalry Division) in 1966.

Edward Hymoff, The First Air Cavalry Division, Vietnam. New York: Lads, 1967. xiv, 153 pp.

Infantry Magazine, 104:4 (October-December 2015), "The 50th Anniversary of the Battle of Ia Drang"

CPT Robert H. Edwards, "The Battle of LZ X-Ray: Personal Experience of a Company Commander" (24-33). Edwards commanded C Company, 1/7 Cavalry.

CPT j. Dallas Henry, "The Battle of LZ Albany" (34-37)

Lawrence H. Johnson III, Winged Sabers: The Air Cavalry in Vietnam, 1965-1973. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1990. xi, 180 pp. pb Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. xi, 180 pp.

Kregg P.J. Jorgenson, Acceptable Loss. New York: Ivy Books, 1991. 243 pp. Jorgenson arrived in Vietnam in September 1969 as a nineteen-year old sergeant assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division. He served as a Ranger/LRRP, and later in a Blue Team.

Kregg P.J. Jorgenson, MIA Rescue: LRRP Manhunt in the Jungle. Jorgenson, as a member of a 1st Air Cavalry Blue Team, participated in the rescue of survivors of LRRP team 5-2, which had suffered severe casualties encountering PAVN forces in Cambodia June 17, 1970.

General George Joulwan, with David Chanoff, Watchman at the Gates: A Soldier's Journey from Berlin to Bosnia. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2021. x, 258 pp. Joulwan's has only a very brief dicussion (pp. 65-73) of his second Vietnam tour, with the 101st Airborne Division, which was pulling out of Vietnam while he was there. He began by spending a month restoring morale and discipline in the 2/237 Infantry, which was in a state of near-collapse.

Rod Kane, Veteran's Day: A Combat Oddyssey. New York: Crown, 1990. pb New York: Pocket Books, 1991. The author was a medic with the First Air Cavalry.

Philip Keith, Fire Base Illingworth: An Epic Story of Remarkable Courage Against Staggering Odds. New York: St. Martin's, 2013. 320 pp. Elements of the 2/8 Cavalry and other units defended Illingworth, a firebase in the northwest part of Tay Ninh province, against heavy PAVN attack on April 1, 1970.

Jack T. Kelley, Lt. Col., Army (Ret), Bonded in Battle. CreateSpace, 2018. 164 pp. Kelley commanded A Company, 2/503rd Airborne Infantry, 173rd Airborne Brigade in the action of June 29, 1966, in III Corps, for which Sergeant Charles Morris was awarded the Medal of Honor.

Charles M. Kinney, Borrowed Time: A Medic's View of the Vietnam War. Victoria, British Columbia: Trafford, 2003. x, 152 pp. Edited by Pamela Gillis Watson. Kinney became the senior aidman for C Company, 2/7 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, in November 1965; served until November 1966.

David Kranig, "The Screaming Eagles at Trung Luong." Vietnam Magazine, April 2003, pp. 34-40. Kranig was a team leader in the 2/327 Infantry, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division. Badly wounded June 1966 north of Tuy Hoa.

Robert "Bob" Kunkel, Walking Point: A Vietnam Memoir. Kimball, MN: Thunderbrook Publishing, 2018. 482 pp. Kunkel served with B Company, 5/7 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, 1966-67.

Mike Larson, Heroes: A Year in Vietnam with the First Air Cavalry Division. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2008. xviii, 251 pp. Larson served from July 1967 to July 1968 as a combat reporter for the Public Information Office of the 1st Cavalry Division.iUniverse, 2008.

Major Steven M. Leonard, "One Man's Vision: The Evolution of Airmobile Artillery", Field Artillery, JUly-August 1999, pp. 24-28.

John Leppelman, Blood on the Risers: An Airborne Soldier's Thirty-five Months in Vietnam. New York: Ivy Books, 1991. Leppelman joined the 173d Airborne Brigade in February 1967. Extremely bitter about what he regarded as lousy weapons and lousy officers, he transferred first to riverine forces, and eventually the Rangers.

Chuck Leshikar, ed., Delta Raiders: D Company, 2/501 Infantry, 101st Airborne (AMBL).  Southern Heritage Press, 1998.  328 pp.

Eraldo Lucero, Echoes of a Distant Past: Screaming Eagles: Vietnam War Memoirs, 1969-70. Lucero served in the 2/502 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division. The main focus is on fighting in the western part of Thua Thien province, first half of 1970.

Richard A. Luttrell, All Her Boys (Carlton Press), 192 pp. Memoir by a man who served with the 101st Airborne.

Timothy McCullough, Mongoose Bravo Vietnam: A Time of Reflection Over Events So Long Ago. Independently published, 2019. 161 pp. McCullough was drafted in 1966; he served in Vietnam February 1967 to February 1968 with the 1/5 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.

James McDonough, Platoon Leader. hb Novato, CA: Presidio, 1985. pb New York: Bantam, 1986. 173d Airborne Brigade, 1970-71.

Peter Maslowski and Don Winslow, Looking for a Hero: Staff Sergeant Joe Ronnie Hooper and the Vietnam War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005. 618 pp. Sergeant Hooper won the Congressional Medal of Honor for an action of February 21, 1968, near Hue; he was with D Company, 2/501 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division.

Col. Kenneth D. Mertel, Year of the Horse - Vietnam. New York: Exposition Press, 1968; pb New York: Bantam, 1990. 328 pp.  Mertel arrived in Vietnam in 1965 as commander of the 1st Battalion, Airborne, 8th Cavalry, in the 1st Air Cavalry Division. (The book says virtually nothing about Mertel's previous tour, apparently 1962-63, in Vietnam.)

Pat Moffett, Fortunate Soldier. Garrison-Savanna, 2003. 300 pp. Moffett served in Vietnam 1968-1969 with the 101st Airborne, but apparently did not get into heavy combat very much.

Lt. Gen. Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway, We Were Soldiers Once . . . and Young: Ia Drang, the Battle that Changed the War in Vietnam. New York: Random House, 1992. pb New York: HarperPerennial, 1993. xxi, 471 pp. A very good book about the battle of the Ia Drang Valley, 1965. Moore commanded the 1/7 Cavalry (the first battalion into Landing Zone X-ray); Galloway witnessed the battle as a journalist.

Lt. Gen. Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway, We Are Soldiers Still: A Journey Back to the Battlefields of Vietnam. New York: Harper, 2008. xx, 248 pp. Moore and Galloway revisited the battlefield of the Ia Drang, and talked with PAVN officers who had been involved.

Michael P. Moynihan, Fighting Shadows in Vietnam: A Combat Memoir. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2014. 220 pp. Moynihan was in Vietnam January 1970 to January 1971, serving first as a radio operator and later as a mess hall orderly with the 1st Cavalry Division. He was in the Cambodian incursion of 1970. He discusses some of the problems of morale and leadership that were afflicting units in Vietnam by that period.

Edward F. Murphy, Dak To: The 173d Airborne Brigade in South Vietnam's Central Highlands, June-November 1967. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1993. 384 pp.

Larry J. Musson, Run Through the Jungle: Real Adventures in Vietnam with the 173rd Airborne Brigade. AuthorHouse, 2015. 356 pp. Musson served with A Company, 3/503 Infantry, 173rd Airborne Brigade, September 1969 to October 1970.

John A. Nesser, The Ghosts of Thua Thien: An American Soldier's Memoir of Vietnam. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008. x, 197 pp. Nesser was in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division, May 1969 to July 1970, initially as a rifleman in the 2/501 Infantry, later as a door gunner on a Chinook.

Claude D. Newby, It Took Heroes: A Chaplain's Story and Tribute to Combat Veterans and Those Who Waited for Them.  Bonneville Book, 1998.  2d rev. ed.  Tribute Enterprises, 2000.  xi, 231 pp.  The bulk of this tells the story of Newby's first tour in Vietnam as an Army chaplain (Mormon), September 1966 to September 1967, with the 1st Cavalry Division.  He is the chaplain described under the pseudonym "Gerald Kirk" in the book Casualties of War by Daniel Lang, who helped bring to light a rape-murder committed by some soldiers of the 2/8 Cavalry in November 1966.

Frank Nicholas, "Interview with Frank Nicholas." Oral history interview, conducted by Steven Maxner, April 5, 2001. 41 pp. Nicholas joined the Army in January 1967, and arrived in Vietnam around September 1967, assigned to the 173d Airborne Brigade. The text is copyright by, and has been placed on-line by, the Vietnam Project at Texas Tech University.

Keith W. Nolan, Ripcord: Screaming Eagles under Siege, Vietnam 1970.  Novato, CA: Presidio, 2000.  368 pp.  The full text is available online to paid subscribers of Questia. pb New York: Ballantine, 2003. xiv, 522 pp. The U.S. 101st Airborne Division established FSB Ripcord in western Thua Thien province in April 1970, but heavy PAVN pressure forced its evacuation in July.

Robert Nylen, Guts: Combat, Hell-raising, Cancer, Business Start-ups, and Undying Love: One American Guy's Reckless, Lucky Life. New York: Random House, 2009. 272 pp. Includes Nylen's year as a lieutenant in Vietnam, approximately 1968, in the 2/12 Cavalry and as an advisor to RF/PF.

Jon Oplinger, Quang Tri Cadence: Memoir of a Rifle Platoon Leader in the Mountains of Vietnam. McFarland, (1994?). 214 pp. Oplinger arrived in Vietnam June 1968, and commanded a platoon in D Company, 2/5, First Cav, for three months before being evacuated with serious wounds.

Mack W. Payne, Vietnam Veteran Memoirs: A Book of Miracles: The Adventures of a Florida Flatlander in Vietnam. Lake Placid, Florida: Hog Jown Press, 2013. Payne served two tours in Vietnam: October 1967 to October 1968 with the Fourth Infantry Division, and June 1970 to June 1971 with the 101st Airborne Division.

Lt. Col. Lloyd J. Picou, USA, "Operation Steel Horse" Military Review, October 1967 (vol. XLVII, no. 10), pp. 48-53. Artillery raids by the 1st Cavalry Division, in which typically four guns (usually 105mm moved by air, sometimes 155mm or 157mm guns moved by ground) would move to a temporary firing position within range of a target. Not enirely clear; p. 49 suggests the typical operation was over in an hour, but p. 53 says that most lasted about eight hours. It also is unclear how aerial rocket artillery fit into the concept.

Eric Poole, Company of Heroes: A Forgotten Medal of Honor and Bravo Company's War in Vietnam. Oxford and New York: Osprey, 2015. 320 pp. Leslie Sabo, Jr., of B Company, 3/506 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, won the Medal of Honor for the action in which he was killed, May 10, 1970, in Cambodia.

Colonel Ralph Puckett, USA (Ret.), with D. K. R. Crosswell, Ranger: A Soldier's LIfe. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2017. 278 pp. Two chapters (pp. 133-181) deal with Vietnam. Puckett commanded 2/502 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, from late July to late September 1967, then became brigade executive officer. In April 1968, Puckett took command of the 1/506 Infantry, and found the unit had a startlingly low state of morale, discipline, and performance.

Wayne Purinton, Journey Back from Vietnam: One Soldier's Long Road Home from War. Minneapolis, MN: Langdon Street Press, 2011. Purinton arrived in Vietnam in April 1967, and was assigned to C Company, 5/7 Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.

John G. Roberts, Mighty Men of Valor: With Charley Company on Hill 714. CreateSpace, 2013. The actual topic is considerably broader than the subtitle suggests; it covers an extended stretch of the author's service with the 2/502 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division, not just the fight in early May 1970 on Hill 714, near Firebase Veghel, Thua Thien province.

Stephen D. Saunders, Breaking Squelch: A Vietnam Introspective. Marsh Lake, 2005. 159 pp. Saunders was in Vietnam 1966-67 with C Company, 2/8 Cavalry, 101st Airborne Division.

James J. Schild, For Garry Owen in Glory: The True Account of an Airmobile Platoon Leader in Vietnam, 1968-1969. Florissant, MO: Auto Review Pub., 1989. vi, 194 pp.

Col. G. William Sefton, It Was My War: I'll Remember it the Way I Want To. Manhattan, KS: Sunflower University Press, 1994.

LTC Ed Sherwood, Courage Under Fire: The 101st Airborne's Hidden Battle at Tam Ky. Casemate, 2021. xxx, 314 pp. Prolonged heavy combat by the 1st Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division near Tam Ky, May to June, 1969. Sherwood was a platoon leader in D Company, 1/501 Infantry.

Benjamin S. Silver, Ride at a Gallop. Waco, TX: Davis Brothers Publishing, 1990. 404 pp. The development of the 11th Air Assault Division (Test)/1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), 1963-65, by an officer who participated as commander of the 228th Assault Support Helicopter Battalion (Chinooks).

David B. Simmons, Our Turn to Serve: An Army Veteran's Memoir of the Vietnam War. Xlibris, 2011. 174 pp. Simmons served in B Company, 5/7 Cavalry, First Cavalry Division, 1968-69.

William M. Spake, Vietnam and "Chaplain Hoppy": VietNam, 1968, Letters from a Chaplain: 101st Airborne Division - "The Screaming Eagles" W.M. Spake, 2000.

Richard Otto Stahl, APO 96490: Vietnam Redux. Infinity, 2002. 212 or 232 pp. Stahl's tour with the 1st Cavalry Division ended in January 1970.

Shelby L. Stanton, Anatomy of a Division: The 1st Cav in Vietnam. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1987. x, 268 pp.

John Stillman, with Lori Stillman, Jumping from Helicopters: A Vietnam Memoir. Turtle Creek Publishing, 2018. 240 pp. John Stillman served approximately 1968 with the 101st Airborne Division.

Ed Swauger, Earning the CIB: The Making of a Soldier in Vietnam. Yellville, AK: Whitehall Publishing, 2005. 171 pp. Swauger served in the 173d Airborne Brigade, probably around 1968.

Richard Taylor, Prodigals: A Vietnam Story. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2003. xviii, 331 pp. Taylor as a first lieutenant was an adviser to the 2d Battalion, 11th Infantry Regiment, ARVN 7th Infantry Division, in the Mekong Delta 1967-68. He was in the fighting in My Tho during the Tet Offensive. During his second tour, 1970-71, he initially commanded B Company, 1/7 Cavalry, 3d Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, then (pp. 268- ) was his battalion's intelligence officer.

Joe Teel, Jr., Welcome Home, Joe. Outskirts Press, 2007. 224 pp. Teel was with the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 1967-68; with the 82nd Airborne Division 1968-69.

Robert Lee Towles, "The Tears of Autumn: Air Assault Operations and Infantry Combat in the Ia Drang Valley, Vietnam, November 1965." Ph.D. dissertation, Kent State University, History, 2000. 502 pp. AAT 9976645. Based on a lot of interviews.

Turner Publishing Company Staff, 1st Cavalry Division in Vietnam. Turner Publishing Company, 1997.

Richard Udden, 21 Months, 24 Days: A blue-collar kid's journey to the Vietnam War and back. CreateSpace, 2015. 304 pp. Udden went to Vietnam in January 1970 and was assigned to A Company, 2/12 Cavalry, First Cavalry Division.

Michael Walsh, Walsh's War: A Very Different Path Through Vietnam. Meadville, PA: Christian Faith Publishing, 2021. 160 pp. Walsh arrived in Vietnam in November 1967, assigned to the 1/506 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division. He soon turned so strongly against the war that he refused to carry a rifle.

George M. Watson, Voices from the Rear: Vietnam 1969-1970. n.p.: Xlibris, 2001. 322 pp. Watson was drafted after having completed his first year of graduate school. He arrived in Vietnam in June 1969, was sent to the 101st Airborne Division, and because of his educational background was assigned to the Personnel Records Branch of the 101st Administration Company. He was at Bien Hoa until late November, then shifted to Phu Bai.

Kenneth D. Williams, Blue Tiger. 1st Books, 2003. 256 pp. Williams served in D Troop, 3/17 Cavalry (this was the infantry troop of an air cavalry squadron), 1967-68.

Arthur Wiknik, Jr., Nam Sense: Surviving Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division. Havertown, PA: Casemate, 2005. xiv, 272 pp. Wiknik was drafted in May 1968, and went to Vietnam in April 1969 as a "shake-and-bake" sergeant. After a week of in-country training at SERTS at Bien Hoa, he served in A Company, 2/506 Infantry, and was at Hamburger Hill. Some names have been changed.

E. Tayloe Wise, Eleven Bravo: A Skytrooper's Memoir of War in Vietnam. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004. Wise was in Vietnam from May 1969 to April 1970.

Dominick Yezzo, A G.I.'s Vietnam Diary: 1968-1969. New York: Franklin Watts, 1974. 87 pp. Yezzo served in G-5 of the 1st Cavalry Division.

Major Bud Yost, Hard Core. RoseDog Books (Dorrance Publishing?), 2007. 122 pp. Covers Yost's 1967 tour with C Company, 2/502 Infantry, 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division.

Unit Reports

The Virtual Vietnam Archive of the Vietnam Project, at Texas Tech University has placed online a considerable variety of reports from airborne and airmobile units. A sample of the sorts of materials in this collection includes:

First Cavalry Division (Airmobile)

Captain Charles S. Sykes, Jr., Interim Report of Operations of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), July 1, 1965, to December 31, 1966. A report originally issued by Headquarters, 1st Cavalry Division, that was edited and published by the 1st Cavalry Divison Association. I don't know how much editing there was; the numerous illustrations in the published version may not have been in the original report. Front matter and pp. 1-85;   pp. 86-90 and back cover;   pp. 58-75, rescanned with the photos much clearer.

Lt. Col. Harold G. Moore, "After Action Report, IA DRANG Valley Operation 1st Battalion, 7th Cavalry 14 - 16 November 1965." Dated 9 December 1965. 19 pp. plus attachments (numerous hand-drawn maps, photos that appear to have been taken from the air at low altitude, and Col. Moore's 14 November Operations Order for the operation that went into Landing Zone X-RAY on that date). The text including attachments.

"Combat After Action Report," 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), Operation Masher, 25 Jan-3 Feb 66/Operation White Wing, 4 Feb-6 Mar 66." pp. 1-21; pp. 22-32 and tables.

Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "After Action Report (3 Sep 66 Attack on Camp Radcliff)." The text. A mortar attack.

Major Darwin A. Petersen and Captain Alex Woods Jr., "History of the 227th Aviation Battalion (Assault Helicopter), 1 January 1967 - 31 December 1967." 23 pp. The battalion was based at Camp Radcliffe, An Khe. The text.

Headquarters, 1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Divison (Airmobile), "Operational Report for February 1968." 12 pp. The squadron had both helicopters and ground troops, so lessons learned apply both to helicopters and to ground operations issues such as the use of Kit Carson Scouts. The text.

Headquarters, 2d Brigade, 1st Air Cavalry Division, "Combat Operations After Action Report - Operation SCOTLAND II." Dated 3 June 1968. Northeastern Quang Tri province, 15 April - 7 May 1968. The text.

Headquarters, 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report - Lessons Learned 1 August - 31 October 1968" Dated 10 November 1968. 21 pp. The brigade was in Quang Tri province, participating in Operation Jeb Stuart III, the Phoenix Program, and other things. The text.

Headquarters, 2d Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report of 2d Brigade, 1st Cav Div (AM) for Period Ending 31 October 1968, RCS CSFOR-65(RI)." Dated 22 November 1968. 12 pp. The brigade was involved in Operations Jeb Stuart III and Comanche Fall (Lam Son 261). The text.

1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Combat Operations After Action Report," Operation Jeb Stuart III, 17 May - 2 November 1968, Northern I Corps. 8, 2 pp. (The two-page enclusure at the end is an after-action report for Operation Comanche Falls, 11 September - 23 October 1968). The text.

1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report for February 1968." 12 pp. In Northern I Corps. The text.

Headquarters 1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Combat Operations After Action Report," 20 April 1969. 8 pp. Covers Operation Toan Thang II, 7 November 1968 to 17 February 1969, in III corps. The text.

1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report of First Squadron, Ninth Cavalry," for Quarterly Period Ending 31 January 1969. In III Corps; includes Operations Liberty Canyon and Sheridan Sabre. for Quarterly Period Ending 30 April 1969 and Section II Lessons Learned. In III Corps. Section II Lessons Learned for Quarterly Period Ending 31 July 1969. for Quarterly Period Ending 31 October 1969. Northern III Corps. for Quarterly Period Ending 31 July 1970. 16 pp. The Cambodian Incursion, and operations in Phuoc Long and Binh Long provinces.

Troop D, 1st Squadron (Airmobile), 9th Cavalry, 1st Air Cavalry Division, "Operational Report," Month of August 1969; Month of October 1969; Month of November 1969.

The Air Cavalry Division. Quarterly magazine published by the 1st Cavalry Division. Spring 1969.

62nd Infantry Platoon (Combat Tracker), 1st Squadron 9th Cavalry, 1st Air Cavalry Division, "Operational Report." A scout dog unit that also began using Kit Carson Scouts late in 1969, and was very satisfied with the performance of the Kit Carson Scouts. Month of August [1969]. Month of September [1969]. Month of October [1969]. Month of November [1969]. The Year of 1969.

14th Military History Detachment, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), "1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile), Operational Report - Lessons Learned, 1 May - 31 July 1970" Dated 14 August 1970. This period included the Cambodian Incursion, and the shift of the 1st Brigade from War Zone C to War Zone D. The text has been placed on-line in three parts: pp. 1-41, pp. 42-68 and Tabs D-I (Tab F is Intelligence Activities) (Tabs A-C, which included both friendly and enemy Order of Battle, do not appear to be in the online version), and Tabs J-T (Tab L is Provost Martial Activities, Tab M is medical, Tab N is logistical, Tab O is a detailed list of fire bases, Tab P is Civil Affairs, Tab Q is Psychological Operations, Tab R is a very brief comment on the Cambodian Kit Carson Scouts, Tab S is Chemical Activities).

H Troop (Air) 17th Armored Cavalry Squadron, "After Action Report, 1 November 1972 - 28 January 1973." 12 pp. A unit that continued flying combat operations with AH-1G and OH-6A helicopters in the Central Highlands until the Paris Peace Agreement. The text.

Major J.D. Coleman et al., eds., The 1st Air Cavalry Division, Vietnam, August 1965 to December 1969. First Cavalry Division (Airmobile), 1970. 296 pp. Foreword by Major General E.B. Roberts. Extensively illustrated. Appears to have been intended to be sold mainly to members of the division.   pp. 1-15 ("The First Cavalry Division, 1921-1965" starts on p. 12);   pp. 16- ("The First Cavalry Division, 1921-1965", con't; "Airmobile Antecedents" [the 11th Air Assault Division]; "The First Air Cavalry Division in Vietnam", 1965 to early 1966);   pp. 32-47 (division history continued, from early 1966 to the end of 1968; 1st Brigade);   . . .;   pp. 62-75 (2/5 Cavalry, 7th Cavalry, 1/7 Cavalry, 2/7 Cavalry);   . . .;   pp. 90-103 (12th Cavalry, 1/12 Cavalry, 2/12 Cavalry, Grunts' World);   . . .;   pp. 118-133 (1/2 Artillery, 1/30 Artillery, 1/77 Artillery, Battery E 82nd Artillery);   . . .;   . . .;   . . .;   pp. 180-195 (8th Engineer Battalion, 13th Signal Battalion, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 545th Military Police Company, Division Chemical Units, 191st Military Intelligence Company);   . . .;   . . .;   . . .;   pp. 247-260 (division history [con't from p. 42], 1969 and Epilogue; 2nd Brigade [con't from p. 51]; 3rd Brigade [con't from p. 55]; 75th Rangers [con't from p. 197]; 1st Brigade [con't from p. 47]; 11th Air Assault [con't from p. 23]; 1/12 Cavalry [con't from p. 94]);   . . .;   . . .;   pp. 288-296.

101st Airborne Division

Headquarters 3d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report of the 3d Brigade 101st Airborne Divisino (Airmobile) for the Period Ending 31 October 1968, RCS CSFOR-65 (R1)." Dated 15 November 1968. 11 pp. Operation Toan Thang, Phase II, 1 Aug - 24 Sept; Operation Goldern Sword, 1 Sept - 24 Oct; Operation Nevada Eagle. The text.

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report - Lessons Learned, Period Ending 31 July 69." Dated 9 December 1969. 68 pp. Covered the period May to July 1969: Operations Kentucky Jumper, Massachusetts Striker, Bristol Boots, Montgomery Rendezvous, and Campbell Streamer. The text.

Headquarters 3d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Operational Report - Lessons Learned - Period 1 May 69 - 31 Jul 69." Dated 4 August 1969. 11 pp. The text.

Headquarters, 3d Bn 187th Abn Infantry, "Combat After Action Report, Operation APACHE SNOW, Period 9 May thru 21 May 1969." 54 pp. The text.

Headquarters 101st Airborne Division, "Battle of Dong Ap Bia - Hill 937 10-21 May 1969." The text.

22d Military History Detachment, "Narrative, Operation 'Apache Snow', 101st Airborne Division, Major General John M. Wright Jr., Commanding, 10 May - 7 June 1969. 28 pp. plus illustrations. The text.

LTG Richard G. Stilwell, "Combat Operations After Action Report (RCS: MAC J3-32) (KI)". Operation Apache Snow, 10 May to 7 June 1969. The text.

Headquarters, 3d Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Combat Operations After Action Report - Summary APACHE SNOW." 10 May - 7 June 1969. 31 pp. The text.

Headquarters, 2d Battalion (AM) 501st Infantry, 2d Brigade 101st Airborne Division, "Combat Operations After Action Report, Operation Apache Snow." 20 June 1969. Covers 10 May to 9 June 1969. 7 pp. The text.

Headquarters 1st Battalion, 506th Airborne Infantry, "Combat Operations After Action Report, Operation APACHE SNOW." 18 June 1969. Covers 10 May to 9 June 1969. 29 pp. The text.

Headquarters 2d Battalion, 506th Airborne Infantry, "Combat After Action Report OPORD 3-69 (APACHE SNOW)." 20 June 1969. Covers 21 May to 8 June 1969. 18 pp. The text.

Headquarters, 3d Battalion (Airmobile), 187th Infantry, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Combat After Action Report: Operaton RANDOLPH GLEN." Operation Randolph Glen, in Phong Dien District of Thua Thien Province, began 7 Dec 1969. This report covered up to 14 Feb 1970; the operation had not yet ended at that date. The text.

Headquarters 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Combat Operations After Action Report, Operation LAMAR PLAIN." Dated 15 September 1969. The operation lasted from 15 May to 14 August 1969. The text.

Headquarters, 2d Squadron, (Ambl), 17th Cavalry, "Combat Operations, After Action Report, Operation Republic Square." 16 December 1969. Covers 29 September to 7 December 1969. 5 pp. A mixed reconnaissance unit of the 101st Airborne Division, having helicopters and organic infantry, operating in Northern I Corps. The text.

"They Stand Alone: 1970 History, 1st Battalion (Airmobile), 506th Infantry, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Republic of Vietnam." Operation Randolph Glen, Thua Thien, 1 Jan-31 March 1970; Operation Texas Star, Nam Hoa district of Thua Thien, 1 April-5 September 1970; Operation Jefferson Glen, Nam Hoa and Phong Dien districts of Thua Thien, 6 September-31 December 1970. The text.

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Operational Report - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period Ending 30 April 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U). 17 May 1970. 54 pp. plus Inclosures. The text.

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Operational Report - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period Ending 31 July 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U). 15 August 1970. Covers 29 April to 31 July. Includes the battle at Firebase Ripcord. Main text 51 pp.; Operations Narrative 31 pp.; Organizational Structure 4 pp. The text.

Headquarters, 3d Battalion (Airmobile), 506th Infantry, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), "Combat Operation After Action Report, Binh Tay I (Pacify West I), Cambodia." Attacking Base Area 702 in the Cambodian Incursion, 5-18 May 1970. The text.

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Operational Report - Lessons Learned, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Period Ending 31 October 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2) (U). 15 November 1970. Main text 59 pp.; Operations Narrative 25 pp.; maps of the area of operations 3 pp. The text.

TOC 2d Bn (AMBL) 506th Infantry, Daily Staff Journal or Duty Officer's Log, 13 November 1970 at FS/OB Rakkasan) and 1-12 March 1971 (at FB Jack). The text.

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Airmobile Operations in Support of Operation Lam Son 719. 20 March 1971. Online in three parts: Main text (16 pp.) and Annex A "Intelligence" (30 pp. on weather, terrain, enemy forces, etc.),   Annex B "Downed Aircraft Recovery" and Annex C "Aviation Statistical Summary",   and Annex D "Summary of Combat Damage", Annex E "Abbreviations/Acronyms", Annex F "Definitions" (includes exact locations of Base Areas 604 and 611).

Headquarters, 101st Airborne Division (Airmobile), Final Report - Airmobile Operations in Support of Operation LAMSON 719, 8 February - 6 April 1971. 1 May 1971. Volume I: xv, 55 pp. Volume II, in numerous sections paginated separately, plus annexes, is much longer. The texts of both volumes have been placed online in a single very large .pdf-type file by STINET. Most of Volume II has been placed online by the Vietnam Project in five parts: Front matter, I (Introduction), II (Aviation Organization), III (Chronology of Operations in Laos),   IV (Airmobile Operations in Laos), pp. 1-32,   IV (Airmobile Operations in Laos), pp. 33-76,   IV (Airmobile Operations in Laos), pp. 77-109,   IV (Airmobile Operations in Laos), pp. 110-152; V (Raids); VI (Results).   Annexes have not been placed online by the Vietnam Project, so far as I have found, but they are in the version placed online by STINET (see above).

CO 3d Brigade 101st Airborne Division (AMBL), "Commander's Daily Situation Report (SITREP) 084-71, 242000H Mar to 252000H Mar 1971." 12 pp. The forward CP was at Camp Carroll; the unit was supporting Operations Jefferson Glen and Lam Son 719. The text.

Headquarters, 2d Squadron (Ambl), 17th Cavalry, "Combat Operations After Action Report, Operation JEFFERSON GLEN.". 13 October 1971. The text.

173d Airborne Brigade

"Operations Report - Lessons Learned, 1-66 - Operation CRIMP." Two reports from the 173d Airborne Brigade on Operation CRIMP, 8-14 January 1966, in the Ho Bo Woods of Binh Duong province. The second of these reports, on VC fortification, has numerous diagrams. The text.

Headquarters 173d Airborne Brigade, "Operational Report - Lessons Learned, 173d Airborne Brigade, Period Ending 31 October 1970, RCS CSFOR - 65 (R 2)." The text.

The 9th Chapter of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Association has placed online a collection of yearbooks of the brigade and of its component units.

Headquarters, 3d Battalion (Airmobile) 506th Infantry, "Operational Report of 3d Battalion (Ambl), 506th Infantry for Period Ending 31 January 1970, RCS CSFOR-65 (R2)." Dated 1 February 1970. 21 pp. Covers November 1969 through January 1970. Started out (up to 4 Nov) OPCON to Task Force South, IFF, in Operation Sheridan. From 21 December onward, participated in Operation Washington Green [probably OPCON to 173d Airborne Brigade]. The text.

LRRPs in the Airborne

Helicopters

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Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, Edwin E. Moise. This document may be reproduced only by permission. Revised February 7, 2024.